\(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} \cdot 10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) - Sodium carbonate decahydrate.
\(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) - Anhydrous sodium carbonate
\(10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) - Water of crystallization which impacts shape and colour to the crystals.
Preparation:
\(\mathrm{NaCl}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{CO}_{2}+\mathrm{NH}_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\)
\(2 \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}+\mathrm{Heat} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{CO}_{2}\)
\(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}+10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} \cdot 10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\)
Uses:
(i) Used in glass, soap and paper industries.
(ii) Used in the manufacture of borax.
(iii) Used as a cleansing agent for domestic Purpose.
